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They showed that the mirror reflection point can be computed by solving an eighth degree equation in the most general case. If the camera (eye) is placed on the axis of the mirror, the degree of the equation reduces to six. [15] Alhazen's problem can also be extended to multiple refractions from a spherical ball.
The method of images (or method of mirror images) is a mathematical tool for solving differential equations, in which boundary conditions are satisfied by combining a solution not restricted by the boundary conditions with its possibly weighted mirror image. Generally, original singularities are inside the domain of interest but the function is ...
The method of image charges (also known as the method of images and method of mirror charges) is a basic problem-solving tool in electrostatics.The name originates from the replacement of certain elements in the original layout with fictitious charges, which replicates the boundary conditions of the problem (see Dirichlet boundary conditions or Neumann boundary conditions).
Image distance in a spherical mirror + = () Subscripts 1 and 2 refer to initial and final optical media respectively. These ratios are sometimes also used, following simply from other definitions of refractive index, wave phase velocity, and the luminal speed equation:
Each optical element (surface, interface, mirror, or beam travel) is described by a 2 × 2 ray transfer matrix which operates on a vector describing an incoming light ray to calculate the outgoing ray. Multiplication of the successive matrices thus yields a concise ray transfer matrix describing the entire optical system.
Since there are two equations relating and to and , these two representations are equivalent. In the new representation, propagation over a distance L {\displaystyle L\,} into the positive direction of z {\displaystyle z\,} is described by the matrix belonging to the special linear group SL( 2 , C )
Zhu also solved square and cube roots problems by solving quadratic and cubic equations, and added to the understanding of series and progressions, classifying them according to the coefficients of the Pascal triangle. He also showed how to solve systems of linear equations by reducing the matrix of their coefficients to diagonal form.
Solve any plane triangle problem with the minimum of input data. Drawing of the solved triangle. TriSph – Free software to solve the spherical triangles, configurable to different practical applications and configured for gnomonic. Spherical Triangle Calculator – Solves spherical triangles. TrianCal – Triangles solver by Jesus S.