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Cellulitis occurred in about 21.2 million people in 2015. [7] In the United States about 2 of every 1,000 people per year have a case affecting the lower leg. [1] Cellulitis in 2015 resulted in about 16,900 deaths worldwide. [8] In the United Kingdom, cellulitis was the reason for 1.6% of admissions to a hospital. [6]
Bacterial skin infections affected about 155 million people and cellulitis occurred in about 600 million people in 2013. [6] Bacterial skin infections include: Cellulitis, a diffuse inflammation of connective tissue with severe inflammation of dermal and subcutaneous layers of the skin. [7]
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impetigo, cellulitis, and erysipelas – infections of the skin which can be complicated by necrotizing fasciitis – skin, fascia and muscle; strep throat AKA strep pharyngitis – pharynx; Less common: bacteremia can be associated with these infections, but is not typical. septic arthritis – joints; osteomyelitis – bones
The redness in cellulitis is not raised and its border is relatively indistinct. [7] Bright redness of erysipelas has been described as a third differentiating feature. [13] Erysipelas does not affect subcutaneous tissue. It does not release pus, only serum or serous fluid. Subcutaneous edema may lead the physician to misdiagnose it as cellulitis.
Erysipelas and cellulitis are characterized by multiplication and lateral spread of S. pyogenes in deep layers of the skin. S. pyogenes invasion and multiplication in the fascia beneath the skin can lead to necrotizing fasciitis, a life-threatening surgical emergency.