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Pacific electric ray females are larger than their male counterparts, measuring 164 cm (65 in) in width (their pectoral disc) and a total of 137 cm (54 in) in length. Male Pacific electric rays are 92 cm (36 in) in width and 110 cm (43 in) in length. [15] Both sex's pectoral fin disc width is roughly 1.2 greater than their length. [13]
Narcine entemedor, the giant electric ray or Cortez electric ray, is a species of numbfish, family Narcinidae, native to the eastern Pacific Ocean from the Gulf of California to Panama. [2] It is found in shallow water on sandy bottoms and sometimes adjacent to reefs . [ 3 ]
The electric rays are a group of rays, flattened cartilaginous fish with enlarged pectoral fins, composing the order Torpediniformes / t ɔːr ˈ p ɛ d ɪ n ɪ f ɔːr m iː z /. They are known for being capable of producing an electric discharge , ranging from 8 to 220 volts , depending on species, used to stun prey and for defense. [ 2 ]
Bioelectromagnetics, also known as bioelectromagnetism, is the study of the interaction between electromagnetic fields and biological entities. Areas of study include electromagnetic fields produced by living cells, tissues or organisms, the effects of man-made sources of electromagnetic fields like mobile phones, and the application of electromagnetic radiation toward therapies for the ...
Numbfishes are slow-swimming bottom-dwellers that feed on small fishes and invertebrates off the bottom; their protrusible jaws aid in removing prey from the substrate. They can generate a moderate shock if disturbed and contact is made with the electric organs; the electrical discharges of narcinids have been measured at 8-37 volts, much less than the electric rays of the genus Torpedo. [2]
The majority of electric rays have a distinctive style of low speed swimming that consists of periodically moving up in the water column then gliding back down. Unlike Rajiformes and Myliobatiformes their propulsion comes solely from the movement of their caudal fin, which is much more developed than in skates and rays. The disc portion of ...
Members of the family Narkidae are commonly known as sleeper rays. They are restricted to the temperate and tropical Indo-West Pacific from South Africa to Japan to Indonesia , and are exclusively marine and are absent from freshwater habitats.
Electric rays have patches of modified muscle cells called electroplaques that make up an electric organ. These generate an electric gradient, similar to the normal electric potential across most cell membranes , but amplified greatly by its concentration into a very small area.