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Some early gas engines worked on the "vacuum" or "atmospheric" principle in a similar way to the Newcomen steam engine.A mixture of gas and air was eaten by the cylinder and ignited; the mixture expanded and part of it escaped through the exhaust valve; the valve then closed, the mixture cooled and contracted, and atmospheric pressure pushed the piston in.
Manifold vacuum, or engine vacuum in a petrol engine is the difference in air pressure between the engine's intake manifold and Earth's atmosphere. Manifold vacuum is an effect of a piston's movement on the induction stroke and the airflow through a throttle in the intervening carburetor or throttle body leading to the intake manifold. It is a ...
The vacuum is only an assist and the brakes can still function, requiring greater force, if the booster vacuum is used up. Many older vehicles used vacuum-powered windshield wipers. Loss of manifold vacuum when the engine was working hard, or at wide open throttle, necessitated using a vacuum booster pump which was usually part of the fuel pump.
It premiered March 3, 2021 on Hunkin's YouTube channel [7] with an episode on chain and belts. In the last episode of series 1, Hunkin commented that he may make another series the following winter. A 5 episode second series then debuted in spring 2022. On March 27, 2023, a third series of four episodes was announced on Hunkin's YouTube channel ...
Each version of the engine has a corresponding Raptor Vacuum (RVac) variant [78] with an extended, regeneratively-cooled nozzle for higher specific impulse in space. The vacuum-optimized Raptor targets a specific impulse of ≈380 s (3,700 m/s). [8] A full-duration test of version 1 of Raptor Vacuum was completed in September 2020 at McGregor. [78]
It has a vacuum thrust of 690 kN (155,000 lbf), a vacuum specific impulse (I sp) of 310 s, an increased expansion ratio of 16 (as opposed to the previous 14.5 of the Merlin 1C) and chamber pressure of 9.7 MPa (1,410 psi). A new feature for the engine is the ability to throttle from 100% to 70%. [7]
Archimedes is presented as a highly reusable liquid-propellant engine using methane and liquid oxygen in an oxidizer-rich staged combustion cycle. [1] [2] There are both sea-level and vacuum variants. The engine is mostly 3D printed, [7] with some of the biggest 3D printers in the world. The rationale for the cycle change from the original gas ...
Typical airflow in a four-stroke engine: In stroke #1, the pistons suck in (aspirate) air to the combustion chamber through the opened inlet valve.. A naturally aspirated engine, also known as a normally aspirated engine, and abbreviated to N/A or NA, is an internal combustion engine in which air intake depends solely on atmospheric pressure and does not have forced induction through a ...