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Lead perchlorate trihydrate is produced by the reaction of lead(II) oxide, lead carbonate, or lead nitrate by perchloric acid: . Pb(NO 3) 2 + HClO 4 → Pb(ClO 4) 2 + HNO 3. The excess perchloric acid was removed by first heating the solution to 125 °C, then heating it under moist air at 160 °C to remove the perchloric acid by converting the acid to the dihydrate.
A basic chloride of lead, PbCl 2 ·Pb(OH) 2, is known as Pattinson's white lead and is used as pigment in white paint. [17] Lead paint is now banned as a health hazard in many countries by the White Lead (Painting) Convention, 1921. PbCl 2 is an intermediate in refining bismuth (Bi) ore.
It is then converted to the ammonium salt (NH 4) 2 PbCl 6 by adding ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl). Finally, the solution is treated with concentrated sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4, to separate out lead tetrachloride. This series of reactions is conducted at 0 °C. The following equations illustrate the reaction: PbCl 2 + 2HCl + Cl 2 → H 2 PbCl 6
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
Gas phase measurements of heats of reaction (which allow computation of Δ f H°) of various chlorine oxides do follow the expected trend wherein Cl 2 O 7 exhibits the largest endothermic value of Δ f H° (238.1 kJ/mol) while Cl 2 O exhibits the lowest endothermic value of Δ f H° (80.3 kJ/mol).
Chlorine perchlorate is a chemical compound with the formula Cl 2 O 4. This chlorine oxide is an asymmetric oxide, with one chlorine atom in +1 oxidation state and the other +7, with proper formula ClOClO 3. It is produced by the photodimerization of chlorine dioxide (ClO 2) at room temperature by 436 nm ultraviolet light: [2] [3] [4] 2ClO 2 ...
Pb(N 3) 2 Molar mass: 291.2 g·mol −1 Appearance White powder Density: 4.71 g/cm 3: Melting point: 190 °C (374 °F; 463 K) decomposes, [2] explodes at 350 °C [1]
Pb(C 2 H 3 O 2) 2 : Molar mass: 325.29 g/mol (anhydrous) 379.33g/mol (trihydrate) Appearance White powder or colourless, efflorescent crystals Odor: Slightly acetic