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Ceftaroline fosamil / s ɛ f ˈ t ær oʊ l iː n /, brand name Teflaro in the US and Zinforo in Europe, [1] [2] is a cephalosporin antibiotic with anti-MRSA activity. [3] Ceftaroline fosamil is a prodrug of ceftaroline.
Ceftriaxone, sold under the brand name Rocephin, is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. [4] These include middle ear infections, endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonia, bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, and pelvic inflammatory disease. [4]
Ceftaroline has also been described as "fifth-generation" cephalosporin, but does not have the activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa or vancomycin-resistant enterococci that ceftobiprole has. [36] Ceftolozane is an option for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated urinary tract infections.
The β-lactam core structures. (A) A penam.(B) A carbapenam.(C) An oxapenam.(D) A penem.(E) A carbapenem.(F) A monobactam.(G) A cephem.(H) A carbacephem.(I) An oxacephem. This is a list of common β-lactam antibiotics—both administered drugs and those not in clinical use—organized by structural class.
For ceftriaxone, the color of solutions can range from light yellow to amber, depending on the length of storage, concentration, and diluent used. [ 30 ] [ 31 ] A study found that meropenem concentrations dropped to 90% of the initial concentration at 7.4 hours at 22°C and 5.7 hours at 33°C, indicating degradation over time.
Ceftaroline has low water solubility but this problem was overcome by attaching a N-phosphonoamino group to the molecule making the intravenous prodrug ceftaroline fosamil. The prodrug is dephosphorylated in plasma to form active ceftaroline. [28] 5th generation cephalosporins: A) ceftaroline fosamil (prodrug); B) ceftobiprole medocaril (prodrug)
Ceftaroline fosamil: Teflaro: Used to treat MRSA: Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea; Allergic reaction; Same mode of action as other beta-lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. Ceftobiprole: Zeftera
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics have low propensity to induce bacterial resistance and are less likely to disrupt the microbiome (normal microflora). [3] On the other hand, indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics may not only induce the development of bacterial resistance and promote the emergency of multidrug-resistant organisms, but also cause off-target effects due to dysbiosis.