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Inge Auerbacher was the last Jewish child born in Kippenheim, a village in South-Western Germany located at the foot of the Black Forest, close to the borders of France and Switzerland. She was the only child of Berthold (1898–1987) and Regina Auerbacher (née Lauchheimer, 1905–1996).
Martin Niemöller was a German Lutheran pastor and theologian born in Lippstadt, Germany, in 1892. Niemöller was an anti-Communist and supported Adolf Hitler 's rise to power. But when Hitler rose to power and insisted on the supremacy of the state over religion , Niemöller became disillusioned.
The "we" of the poem describes drinking the black milk of dawn at evening, noon, daybreak and night, and shovelling "a grave in the skies". They introduce a "he", who writes letters to Germany, plays with snakes, whistles orders to his dogs and to his Jews to dig a grave in the earth (the words "Rüden" (male dogs) and "Juden" (Jews) are assonant in German), [9] and commands "us" to play music ...
Nelly Sachs, 1910. Nelly Sachs (German pronunciation: [ˈnɛliː zaks] ⓘ; 10 December 1891 – 12 May 1970) was a German–Swedish poet and playwright.Her experiences resulting from the rise of the Nazis in World War II Europe transformed her into a poignant spokesperson for the grief and yearnings of her fellow Jews.
The Complete Poems of Heinrich Heine: A Modern English Version by Hal Draper, Suhrkamp/Insel Publishers Boston, 1982. ISBN 3-518-03048-5; Religion and Philosophy in Germany, a fragment, Tr. James Snodgrass, 1959. Boston, MA (Beacon Press). LCCN 59--6391 Available online. On the History of Religion and Philosophy in Germany and Other Writings ...
Yellow star labeled Juif, the French term for Jew, that was worn during the Nazi occupation of France. The yellow badge, also known as the yellow patch, the Jewish badge, or the yellow star (German: Judenstern, lit. ' Jew's star '), was an accessory that Jews were required to wear in certain non-Jewish societies throughout history.
German Exilliteratur (German pronunciation: [ɛˈksiːl.lɪtəʁaˌtuːɐ̯], exile literature) is the name for works of German literature written in the German diaspora by refugee authors who fled from Nazi Germany, Nazi Austria, and the occupied territories between 1933 and 1945.
In addition to writing poetry (in German and, earlier, in Romanian), he was an extremely active translator and polyglot, translating literature from Romanian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Russian, Hebrew, and English into German. Meanwhile, Celan's own poetry became progressively more cryptic, fractured and monosyllabic, often ...