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The distinction between the meaning of the terms citizenship and nationality is not always clear in the English language and differs by country. Generally, nationality refers a person's legal belonging to a country and is the common term used in international treaties when referring to members of a state; citizenship refers to the set of rights and duties a person has in that nation.
The granting of permanent residence status is at the discretion of the Immigration Bureau and dependent on satisfaction of a number of detailed criteria such as length of stay, ability to make an independent living, record of tax payments and documented contributions to Japan in terms of public service or professional activities. [15]
After Japan established diplomatic relations with South Korea, Japan granted a special permanent residency status to Koreans who lost their Japanese nationality after World War II but still live in Japan, as well as their descendants who born in Japan. Compare to regular Japan permanent residency, special permanent residents have more ...
Although Special Permanent Residents are unable to vote in Japanese elections, they are usually afforded additional rights and privileges beyond those of normal Permanent Residents comparable to a citizen. For example, Special Permanent Residents are not subject to immigration control under Article 5 of the Immigration Control Act of 1951. [4]
For Japanese citizens coming to Turkmenistan for tourism purposes, a discounted rate has been established for issuing a one-time visa for up to 10 days. [258] [259] For Japanese tourists 10 days visa fee is 25 USD. [260] Visa will be issued during 3 to 7 days by Embassy of Turkmenistan in Tokyo, depending on number of applications.
Permanent residency is a person's legal resident status in a country or territory of which such person is not a citizen but where they have the right to reside on a permanent basis. This is usually for a permanent period; a person with such legal status is known as a permanent resident.
Japanese citizenship is conferred jure sanguinis, and monolingual Japanese-speaking minorities often reside in Japan for generations under permanent residency status without acquiring citizenship in their country of birth, although legally they are allowed to do so.
A registered domicile is not necessarily the same as a Japanese citizen's place of birth or current residence (despite the name). It is printed on a person's koseki and passport, and is listed (albeit on the prefecture level only) on the latter in lieu of someone's place of birth.