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In computer science, brute-force search or exhaustive search, also known as generate and test, is a very general problem-solving technique and algorithmic paradigm that consists of systematically checking all possible candidates for whether or not each candidate satisfies the problem's statement.
Proof by exhaustion, also known as proof by cases, proof by case analysis, complete induction or the brute force method, is a method of mathematical proof in which the statement to be proved is split into a finite number of cases or sets of equivalent cases, and where each type of case is checked to see if the proposition in question holds. [1]
Brute-force attacks work by calculating every possible combination that could make up a password and testing it to see if it is the correct password. As the password's length increases, the amount of time, on average, to find the correct password increases exponentially.
The brute force algorithm finds a 4-clique in this 7-vertex graph (the complement of the 7-vertex path graph) by systematically checking all C(7,4) = 35 4-vertex subgraphs for completeness. In computer science , the clique problem is the computational problem of finding cliques (subsets of vertices, all adjacent to each other, also called ...
Some hobbyists have developed computer programs that will solve Sudoku puzzles using a backtracking algorithm, which is a type of brute force search. [3] Backtracking is a depth-first search (in contrast to a breadth-first search), because it will completely explore one branch to a possible solution before moving to another branch.
If these are all equally probable (the best case), then it would take 'only' approximately 5 billion attempts (5.38 × 10 9) to generate a collision using brute force. [8] This value is called birthday bound [9] and it could be approximated as 2 l/2, where l is the number of bits in H. [10] Other examples are as follows:
Brute force method or proof by exhaustion, a method of mathematical proof; Brute-force attack, a cryptanalytic attack; Brute-force search, a computer problem-solving ...
[30] [31] The United States National Institute of Standards and Technology recommends storing passwords using special hashes called key derivation functions (KDFs) that have been created to slow brute force searches. [9]: 5.1.1.2 Slow hashes include pbkdf2, bcrypt, scrypt, argon2, Balloon and some recent modes of Unix crypt. For KDFs that ...