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The basic orbit determination task is to determine the classical orbital elements or Keplerian elements, ,,,,, from the orbital state vectors [,], of an orbiting body with respect to the reference frame of its central body. The central bodies are the sources of the gravitational forces, like the Sun, Earth, Moon and other planets.
NOTE: Gauss's method is a preliminary orbit determination, with emphasis on preliminary. The approximation of the Lagrange coefficients and the limitations of the required observation conditions (i.e., insignificant curvature in the arc between observations, refer to Gronchi [ 2 ] for more details) causes inaccuracies.
Orbital elements can be encoded as text in a number of formats. The most common of them is the NASA / NORAD "two-line elements" (TLE) format, [ 7 ] originally designed for use with 80 column punched cards, but still in use because it is the most common format, and 80-character ASCII records can be handled efficiently by modern databases.
TRACE is a high-precision orbit determination and orbit propagation program. It was developed by The Aerospace Corporation in El Segundo, California. An early version ran on the IBM 7090 computer in 1964. [1] The Fortran source code can be compiled for any platform with a Fortran compiler.
In celestial mechanics, Lambert's problem is concerned with the determination of an orbit from two position vectors and the time of flight, posed in the 18th century by Johann Heinrich Lambert and formally solved with mathematical proof by Joseph-Louis Lagrange. It has important applications in the areas of rendezvous, targeting, guidance, and ...
Orbit determination; Orbit phasing; Orbit raising; Orbital inclination change; Orbital maneuver; Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students; Orbital pass; Orbital station-keeping; Orbiting body; Osculating orbit
Orbit determination; Orbit equation; Orbital decay; Orbital eccentricity; Orbital elements; Orbital inclination; Orbital node; Orbital shell (spaceflight) Orbital speed; Orbital state vectors; Orbiting body
Molecular orbital theory was seen as a competitor to valence bond theory in the 1930s, before it was realized that the two methods are closely related and that when extended they become equivalent. Molecular orbital theory is used to interpret ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS). Changes to the electronic structure of molecules can be ...