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The following is a table of many of the most fundamental Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) words and roots, with their cognates in all of the major families of descendants. Notes [ edit ]
Typically, a root plus a suffix forms a stem, and adding an ending forms a word. [1]+ ⏟ + ⏟ For example, *bʰéreti 'he bears' can be split into the root *bʰer-'to bear', the suffix *-e-which governs the imperfective aspect, and the ending *-ti, which governs the present tense, third-person singular.
The IEED project is supervised by Alexander Lubotsky. [2] It aims to accomplish the following goals: to compile etymological databases for the individual branches of Indo-European, containing all the words that can be traced back to Proto-Indo-European, and print them in Brill's Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary series,
This list contains Germanic elements of the English language which have a close corresponding Latinate form. The correspondence is semantic—in most cases these words are not cognates, but in some cases they are doublets, i.e., ultimately derived from the same root, generally Proto-Indo-European, as in cow and beef, both ultimately from PIE *gʷōus.
Proto-Indo-European nominals and verbs were primarily composed of roots – affix-lacking morphemes that carried the core lexical meaning of a word. They were used to derive related words (cf. the English root "- friend -", from which are derived related words such as friendship, friendly , befriend , and newly coined words such as unfriend ).
Proto-Indo-European verbs reflect a complex system of morphology, more complicated than the substantive, with verbs categorized according to their aspect [a], using multiple grammatical moods and voices, and being conjugated according to person, number and tense. In addition to finite forms thus formed, non-finite forms such as participles are ...
The basic structure of Proto-Indo-European nouns and adjectives was the same as that of PIE verbs.A lexical word (as would appear in a dictionary) was formed by adding a suffix (S) onto a root (R) to form a stem.
A Proto-Indo-European (PIE) root word may be: Proto-Indo-European root noun; Root aspect (root present and root aorist) in a Proto-Indo-European verb; See also.