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The blood volume is 70 ml/kg body weight in adult males, 65 ml/kg in adult females and 70-75 ml/kg in children (1 year old and over). [5] [6] Total Blood Volume has been measured manually by the use of carbon monoxide (CO) as a tracer for more than 100 years and was first proposed by French scientists Grehant and Quinquaud in 1882.
In cardiovascular physiology, stroke volume (SV) is the volume of blood pumped from the ventricle per beat. Stroke volume is calculated using measurements of ventricle volumes from an echocardiogram and subtracting the volume of the blood in the ventricle at the end of a beat (called end-systolic volume [note 1]) from the volume of blood just prior to the beat (called end-diastolic volume).
A Wiggers diagram modified from [1] A Wiggers diagram , named after its developer, Carl Wiggers , is a unique diagram that has been used in teaching cardiac physiology for more than a century. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In the Wiggers diagram, the X-axis is used to plot time subdivided into the cardiac phases, while the Y-axis typically contains the following ...
[1] Blood is composed of blood cells suspended in blood plasma. Plasma, which constitutes 55% of blood fluid, is mostly water (92% by volume), [2] and contains proteins, glucose, mineral ions, and hormones. The blood cells are mainly red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and (in mammals) platelets (thrombocytes). [3]
Intravascular volume depletion is divided into three types based on the blood sodium level: Isonatremic (normal blood sodium levels) Example: a child with diarrhea, because both water and sodium are lost in diarrhea. Hyponatremic (abnormally low blood sodium levels). Example: a child with diarrhea who has been given tap water to replete ...
The cerebral blood volume value of gray matter is about 3.5 +/- 0.4 ml/100g, and the white matter is about 1.7 +/- 0.4 ml/100g. The gray matter is nearly twice that of white matter. [ 3 ] In both white and gray matter, cerebral blood volume decreases by about 0.50% per year with increasing age. [ 4 ]
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The mean corpuscular volume, or mean cell volume (MCV), is a measure of the average volume of a red blood corpuscle (or red blood cell). The measure is obtained by multiplying a volume of blood by the proportion of blood that is cellular (the hematocrit), and dividing that product by the number of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in that volume.