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Ignoring the influence of other Solar System bodies, Earth's orbit, also called Earth's revolution, is an ellipse with the Earth–Sun barycenter as one focus with a current eccentricity of 0.0167. Since this value is close to zero, the center of the orbit is relatively close to the center of the Sun (relative to the size of the orbit).
Distance above earth (km) Distance from center of earth (km) Earth Erde Terre భూమి: Blue/brown image: 0: 6370 Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Low Earth Orbit Orbite terrestre basse భూ నిమ్న కక్ష్య: Cyan area: 160 to 2,000: 6,530 to 8,370 Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) Medium Earth Orbit Orbite moyenne de la terre
If Jupiter had Mercury's orbit (57,900,000 km, 0.387 AU), the Sun–Jupiter barycenter would be approximately 55,000 km from the center of the Sun ( r 1 / R 1 ≈ 0.08). But even if the Earth had Eris's orbit (1.02 × 10 10 km, 68 AU), the Sun–Earth barycenter would still be within the Sun (just over 30,000 km from the center).
The Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system (acronym ECEF), also known as the geocentric coordinate system, is a cartesian spatial reference system that represents locations in the vicinity of the Earth (including its surface, interior, atmosphere, and surrounding outer space) as X, Y, and Z measurements from its center of mass.
The eccentricity of Earth's orbit is currently about 0.016 7; its orbit is nearly circular. Neptune's and Venus's have even lower eccentricities of 0.008 6 and 0.006 8 respectively, the latter being the least orbital eccentricity of any planet in the Solar System.
The planetary orbit is not a circle with epicycles, but an ellipse. The Sun is not at the center but at a focal point of the elliptical orbit. Neither the linear speed nor the angular speed of the planet in the orbit is constant, but the area speed (closely linked historically with the concept of angular momentum) is constant.
The discovery indicates that the Earth’s center regularly pauses and reverses its rotation, researchers in China wrote in a study published Jan. 23 in the journal Nature Geoscience.
The portion of the semi-major axis extending from the primary at one focus to the periapsis is shown as a purple line in the diagram; the rest (from the primary/focus to the center of the orbit ellipse) is below the reference plane and not shown. Two elements define the orientation of the orbital plane in which the ellipse is embedded: