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Enteropeptidase (also called enterokinase) is an enzyme produced by cells of the duodenum and is involved in digestion in humans and other animals. Enteropeptidase converts trypsinogen (a zymogen ) into its active form trypsin , resulting in the subsequent activation of pancreatic digestive enzymes .
Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a cryomicroscopy technique applied on samples cooled to cryogenic temperatures. For biological specimens, the structure is preserved by embedding in an environment of vitreous ice .
Emi1 was first identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen [1] searching for proteins that bind to the SCF subunit Skp1. Several studies using Cryo-Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy have revealed the structure and domains of EMI1 in humans that are key to its function in the inhibition of APC/C activity.
CryoTEM image of GroEL suspended in amorphous ice at 50 000 × magnification Structure of Alcohol oxidase from Pichia pastoris by CryoTEM. Transmission electron cryomicroscopy (CryoTEM), commonly known as cryo-EM, is a form of cryogenic electron microscopy, more specifically a type of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) where the sample is studied at cryogenic temperatures (generally liquid ...
Solutions such as correlated cryo-fluorescence light microscopy, [19] and super-resolution light microscopy (e.g. cryo-PALM [20]) can be integrated with cryoET. In these techniques, a sample containing a fluorescently-tagged protein of interest is plunge-frozen and first imaged in a light microscope equipped with a special stage to allow the ...
Scanning electron cryomicroscopy (CryoSEM) is a form of electron microscopy where a hydrated but cryogenically fixed sample is imaged on a scanning electron microscope's cold stage in a cryogenic chamber.
This is useful for imaging specimens that would be volatile in high vacuum at room temperature. Cryo-STEM has been used to study vitrified biological samples, [33] vitrified solid-liquid interfaces in material specimens, [34] and specimens containing elemental sulfur, which is prone to sublimation in electron microscopes at room temperature. [35]
As high-resolution cryo-EM models are relative new, quality control tools are not as plentiful as it is for X-ray models. Nevertheless, cryo-EM ("real space") versions of the difference density map, [15] cross-validation using a "free" map (comparable to the use of a free R-factor), [16] [17] and various structure validation tools have begun to ...