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The International Code of Signals (INTERCO) is an international system of signals and codes for use by vessels to communicate important messages regarding safety of navigation and related matters. Signals can be sent by flaghoist , signal lamp ("blinker"), flag semaphore , radiotelegraphy, and radiotelephony.
An example is the Popham numeric code used at the Battle of Trafalgar. In yacht racing and dinghy racing, flags have other meanings; for example, the P flag is used as the "preparatory" flag to indicate an imminent start, and the S flag means "shortened course" (for more details see Race signals). Sailor prepares signal flags for operations at sea
Various other codes were also published, [15] but all these were eventually supplanted by the Commercial Code of Signals published by the British Board of Trade in 1857, which eventually became the International Code of Signals (ICS). A significant development was the addition of letter flags to make the code alphabetical.
Despite the NATO sharing the same alphabetic flags as the International Code of Signals, the meanings are not shared between the codes. Furthermore, the NATO code uses a number of special flags which alter the meaning of the hoist. All below signals have been taken from a 2003 unclassified NATO codebook. [5]
SOS is a Morse code distress signal ( ), used internationally, originally established for maritime use.In formal notation SOS is written with an overscore line (SOS), to indicate that the Morse code equivalents for the individual letters of "SOS" are transmitted as an unbroken sequence of three dots / three dashes / three dots, with no spaces between the letters. [1]
The International Code of Signals [1] defines a standard set of flags and associated alphabet suitable for international use, as well as a set of standard codes. Flaghoist is also used in boat racing , to warn of impending severe weather, and other specialized applications.
Ten-codes, officially known as ten signals, are brevity codes used to represent common phrases in voice communication, particularly by US public safety officials and in citizens band (CB) radio transmissions. The police version of ten-codes is officially known as the APCO Project 14 Aural Brevity Code. [1]
Historically “10-codes” and “signal codes” were used when radios were less reliable and frequent repetition was required. These codes were rarely uniform even between local agencies. Most used “10-4” to mean “acknowledged”, for example, but some agencies used it as “message ends”.