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Gaius Petronius's attack might have had a revitalizing influence on the kingdom. Three years later, in 22 BC, a large Kushite force moved northward with intention of attacking Qasr Ibrim. Alerted to the advance, Petronius again marched south and managed to reach Qasr Ibrim and bolster its defences before the invading Kushites arrived.
[66]: 149 Alerted to the advance, Gaius Petronius, prefect of Roman Egypt, again marched south and managed to reach Qasr Ibrim and bolster its defenses before the invading Kushites arrived. Welsby states after a Kushite attack on Primis (Qasr Ibrim), [ 51 ] : 69–70 the Kushites sent ambassadors to negotiate a peace settlement with Petronius.
The Kushites attacked several cities and Roman garrisons, and statues of Caesar were pulled down. Led by Publius Petronius, the governor of Egypt, Roman soldiers fought back by capturing several cities, including Pselcis, Primis, Abuncis, Phthuris, Cambusis, Attenia, and Stadissias, and he reached as far as Napata and taking captives. According ...
Premmis (Qasr Ibrim), and areas north of Qasr Ibrim in the southern portion of the "Thirty-Mile Strip"] were ceded to the Kushites, the Dodekaschoinos was established as a buffer zone, and Roman forces were pulled back to the old Greek Ptolemaic border at Maharraqa. [42] Roman emperor Augustus signed the treaty with the Kushites on Samos.
Gaius Petronius Arbiter [1] (/ p ɪ ˈ t r oʊ n i ə s /; Classical Latin: [ˈɡaː.i.ʊs pɛˈt̪roː.ni.ʊˈs ar.bɪ.t̪ɛr]; c. 27 – c. AD 66; sometimes Titus Petronius Niger) [1] was a Roman courtier during the reign of Nero.
Strabo claims Gaius Petronius, the new prefect of Egypt, marched with "less than ten thousand infantry and eight hundred cavalry" against thirty thousand Kushite men in Syene. [6] The Kushites fought with “large, oblong shields made of raw ox-hide” and simple weaponry such as axes, pikes, and swords. [6]
Kushite royal pyramids in Meroë. The system of royal succession in the Kingdom of Kush is not well understood. [4] There are no known administrative documents or histories written by the Kushites themselves; [5] because very little of the royal genealogy can be reliably reconstructed, it is impossible to determine how the system functioned in theory and when or if it was ever broken. [6]
25–22 BC - Gaius Petronius' expeditions against Nubia - Roman forces managed to reach Qasr Ibrim and northern Nubia, capturing several cities, including Pselcis, Primis, Abuncis, Phthuris, Cambusis, Attenia, and Stadissias, then destroyed the city of Napata (kushite capital) and other cities in retaliation while taking captives.