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This inclusion of Krishna-related legends in ancient Buddhist and Jaina literature suggests that Krishna theology was existent and important in the religious landscape observed by non-Hindu traditions of ancient India. [79] [80]
Krishnaite theology and cult originate in the first millennium BCE in the Northern India. The theology of the Bhagavad Gita (around 3rd–2nd centuries BCE) was the first Krishnaite theological system, if, according to Friedhelm Hardy, to read Gita as itself and not in the light of the Mahabharata frame with Vishnu-focussed doctrine. [3]
In Hinduism, Krishna is recognized as the complete and eighth incarnation of Vishnu, or as the Supreme God (Svayam Bhagavan) in his own right. [1] As one of the most popular of all Hindu deities, Krishna has acquired a number of epithets, and absorbed many regionally significant deities, such as Jagannatha in Odisha and Vithoba in Maharashtra.
International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), commonly referred to as the Hare Krishna movement, is a Gaudiya Vaishnava Hindu religious organization. It was founded by A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada [ 2 ] on 13 July 1966 in New York City.
Krishna is often referred as Svayam bhagavan in Gaudiya Vaishnavism theology and Radha is Krishna's internal potency and supreme beloved. [106] With Krishna, Radha is acknowledged as the supreme goddess, for it is said that she controls Krishna with her love. [107] It is believed that Krishna enchants the world, but Radha enchants even him.
Krishna Janmashtami is a joyous and widely celebrated festival in India, commemorating the birth of Krishna. The festival typically falls in August or September, on the eighth day (Ashtami) of the Krishna Paksha (dark fortnight) in the Hindu lunar calendar. Throughout India, devotees observe Krishna Janmashtami with great fervor and enthusiasm.
[citation needed] Theologians refer to verse 1.3.28 of the Bhagavata Purana, "krsnastu bhagavan svayam", literally "Krishna is God Himself" to point to Krishna as the Supreme Being. [26] Jiva Gosvami calls this phrase the "paribhasha-sutra" (definitive rule) of the theology of the Gaudiya Vaishnava school and a mahavakya (governing proposition).
In Gaudiya Vaishnava Krishna-centered theology, the title Svayam Bhagavan is used exclusively to designate Krishna. [134] Krishna is recognized to be Svayam Bhagavan in the belief of Gaudiya Vaishnavism and Dvaita sub-school of Hindu philosophy, [ 135 ] the Pushtimarg tradition, [ 136 ] in the Nimbarka Sampradaya , where Krishna is accepted to ...