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The Toba eruption (also called the Toba supereruption and the Youngest Toba eruption) was a supervolcanic eruption that occurred about 74,000 years ago, during the Late Pleistocene, [2] at the site of present-day Lake Toba, in Sumatra, Indonesia.
Location of Lake Toba shown in red on map. The Toba eruption (the Toba event) occurred at what is now Lake Toba about 73,700±300 years ago. [15] It was the last in a series of at least four caldera-forming eruptions at this location, with the earlier known caldera having formed around 1.2 million years ago. [16]
This timeline of volcanism on Earth includes a list of major volcanic eruptions of ... Emmons Lake Caldera (size: 11 x ... Lake Toba (size: 100 x 30 ...
Lake Toba, Sumatra, Indonesia: 840 ka ±30: Oldest Toba Tuff [65] Taupō Volcanic Zone, Mangakino Caldera, North Island, New Zealand: 0.97 Ma: more than 300 km 3 (72.0 cu mi) Rocky Hill Ignimbrite [1] Taupō Volcanic Zone, Mangakino Caldera, North Island, New Zealand: 1.01 Ma: more than 300 km 3 (72.0 cu mi) Unit E [1] Lake Toba, Sumatra ...
Lake Toba Caldera: Sunda Arc, Sumatra 2,800 - 5,300 [13] 74 Youngest Toba Tuff [b] 6 Barrier Volcano: Great Rift Valley, Kenya: 10 74 caldera formation 6 Kuttara Hokkaidō > 11 DRE 75 Kt-4 6 Phlegraean Fields Campanian volcanic arc 12.35 80 CA-1a Tephra 6 Bolshoy Semyachik: Kamchatka: 42 80 Bol'shoi Semiachik Caldera II 6 Hakone: Honshū: 10
Part of at least 20 large caldera-forming eruptions in the San Juan volcanic field and surrounding area that formed around 26 to 35 Ma. [19] [20] Lund Tuff 29.2 Indian Peak-Caliente Caldera Complex 4,400: Formed the White Rock Caldera, one of the largest eruptions of the Mid-Tertiary Ignimbrite flareup. [18] Jacui—Goboboseb II ~132
The largest volcano of Sumatra is the supervolcano Toba within the 100 km (62 mi) × 30 km (19 mi) Lake Toba, which was created after a caldera collapse (est. in 74,000 Before Present). [2] The eruption is estimated to have been at level eight on the VEI scale, the highest level for a volcanic eruption.
Volcanoes that have produced explosive VEI-8 eruptions, often called supervolcanoes in the media. Such eruptions release a tephra volume of at least 1,000 km 3 (240 cu mi) with annihilating long-term effects on the surrounding area and devastating short-term effects on global climate, leaving profound effects on the climate for years to come.