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Hans Wehr's Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic defines seyyid as a translation for master, chief, sovereign, or lord. [14] It also denotes someone respected and of high status. In the Arab world, sayyid is the equivalent of the English word "liege lord" or "master" when referring to a descendant of Muhammad, as for example in Sayyid Ali Sultan.
The following is the list of chiefs who are said to have ruled the Hejaz and to have been the patrilineal ancestors of Muhammad. [4] His Ancestors were generally referred to by their laqabs or titles, names will be mentioned alongside each title. Muhammad's ancestors to Murrah. AD 570 – Muhammad; AD 545 – Abdullah; AD 497 – Abd al ...
In the broadest sense, it refers to any descendant of Muhammad's great-grandfather Hashim (the Banu Hashim or Hashimites, already in Muhammad's day an established clan within the Meccan tribe of the Quraysh), including all descendants of Muhammad's paternal uncles Abu Talib (the Talibids) and al-Abbas (the Abbasids). [1]
Ja'al was a descendant of al-Abbas, an uncle of Muhammad. The Ja'alin trace their lineage to Abbas , uncle of Muhammad. [ 26 ] According to the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland in 1888, the name Ja'alin does not seem to be derived from any founder of a tribe, but rather from the root Ja'al, an Arabic word meaning "to ...
These descendants, and especially those tracing their lineage to Muhammad through his daughter Fatima, hold the traditional title of Sharīf (often synonymous to Sayyid). [ 1 ] From the 8th century on, Hashimid descent came to be regarded as a mark of nobility, and formed the basis upon which many dynasties legitimized their rule. [ 2 ]
The dynasty claims descent from Muhammad via Hasan, the son of Ali.The name 'Alawi (Arabic: علوي) stems either from the name of Ali (the father of Hasan), [16] from which the dynasty ultimately traces its descent, or from the name of the dynasty's early founder Ali al-Sharif of the Tafilalt. [17]
In Sunni Islam, the term has also been extended to all descendants of the Banu Hashim (Muhammad's clan) and even to all Muslims. [1] [2] In Shia Islam, the term is limited to Muhammad, his daughter Fatima, his cousin and son-in-law Ali, and their two sons, Ḥasan and Ḥusayn. A common Sunni view adds the wives of Muhammad to these five. [3]
It descends from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566–653 CE), from whom the dynasty takes its name. [4] The Abbasids ruled as caliphs for most of the caliphate from their capital in Baghdad in modern-day Iraq , after having overthrown the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid Revolution of 750 CE (132 AH ).