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A view of Calcutta from Fort William (1807) Plan (top-view) of Fort William, c. 1844. There are two Fort Williams. The original fort was built in the year 1696 by the British East India Company under the orders of Sir John Goldsborough which took a decade to complete. The permission was granted by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.
Fort William College (also known as the College of Fort William) was an academy of oriental studies and a centre of learning, founded on 18 August 1800 by Lord Wellesley, then Governor-General of British India, located within the Fort William complex in Calcutta. Wellesley started the Fort William College with the original intention that it ...
The fort was built on the bank of river Hooghly at Sutanuti with mortar brought from Madras, completed in ca 1701 and was called Fort William after King William III of England. This was the old Fort William and construction for a new one (the present one) started after Siraj Ud-Daulah attacked Fort William in 1756.
Fort William was established to protect the East India Company's trade in the city of Calcutta, the principal city of the Bengal Presidency.In 1756 India, there existed the possibility of a battle with the military forces of the French East India Company, so the British reinforced the fort.
In 1696, construction of old Fort William began (near the site of the present-day General Post Office) without legal title to the land. Legal title was eventually secured on 10 November 1698 when Charles Eyre , Job Charnock's son-in-law and ultimate successor, acquired the zemindari (land-holding) rights from the Sabarna Roy Choudhury family ...
Maximum extent of French influence 1741–1754. The siege of Calcutta was a battle between the Bengal Subah and the British East India Company on 20 June 1756. The Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, aimed to seize Calcutta to punish the company for the unauthorised construction of fortifications at Fort William.
The Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William in Calcutta, was founded in 1774 by the Regulating Act 1773. It replaced the Mayor's Court of Calcutta and was British India 's highest court from 1774 until 1862, when the High Court of Calcutta was established by the Indian High Courts Act 1861 .
1775 – Establishment of the Board of Ordnance at Fort William, Kolkata. 1787 – Establishment of the Gun Powder Factory at Ishapore. 1791 – Production of Gun Powder begins at Ishapore. 1801 – Establishment of Gun Carriage Agency at Cossipore, Kolkata. 1802 – Production begins at Cossipore on 18 March.