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This is a list of the various reported boiling points for the elements, with recommended values to be used elsewhere on Wikipedia. For broader coverage of this topic, see Boiling point . Boiling points, Master List format
Rhenium is a silvery-white metal with one of the highest melting points of all elements, exceeded by only tungsten. (At standard pressure carbon sublimes rather than melts, though its sublimation point is comparable to the melting points of tungsten and rhenium.)
5.7 –7.00 Phenol: 181.75 3.60 43.0 –7.27 K f [2] K b [1] Water: 100.00 0.512 0.00 –1.86 K b & K f [2] Ethyl Acetate: 77.1 [5] Acetic Anhydride: 139.0 [6] Ethylene Dichloride: 1.25 83.5 −35 [7] Acetonitrile: 0.78 81.6 −45 [8] Heptane: 98.4 [9] Isobutanol: 107.7 [10] n-Hexane: 0.66 68.7 [11] n-Butanol: 117.7 [12] Hydrochloric Acid: 84.8 ...
The element with the lowest boiling point is helium. Both the boiling points of rhenium and tungsten exceed 5000 K at standard pressure; because it is difficult to measure extreme temperatures precisely without bias, both have been cited in the literature as having the higher boiling point. [11]
The free element is remarkable for its robustness, especially the fact that it has the highest melting point of all known elements, melting at 3,422 °C (6,192 °F; 3,695 K). It also has the highest boiling point , at 5,930 °C (10,706 °F; 6,203 K). [ 16 ]
Refractory metals have high melting points, with tungsten and rhenium the highest of all elements, and the other's melting points only exceeded by osmium and iridium, and the sublimation of carbon. These high melting points define most of their applications. All the metals are body-centered cubic except rhenium which is hexagonal close-packed.
Ruthenium is the first in a downward trend in the melting and boiling points and atomization enthalpy in the 4d transition metals after the maximum seen at molybdenum, because the 4d subshell is more than half full and the electrons are contributing less to metallic bonding.
Also agrees with Celsius values from Section 4: Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds, Melting, Boiling, Triple, and Critical Point Temperatures of the Elements Estimated accuracy for T c and P c is indicated by the number of digits.