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Neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's Disease Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta area of the brain (bottom) contributes to the motor symptoms. [ 2 ] The neuropathological hallmarks of PD include the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta region of the brain (shown in figure) and ...
The causes of dyspeptic symptoms have been attributed to a number of pathophysiologic processes. These include gastroduodenal motility, gastroduodenal sensitivity, intestinal microbiota, immune dysfunction, gut-brain axis dysfunction, abnormalities of gastric electrical rhythm, and autonomic nervous system/central nervous system dysregulation.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by a group of symptoms that commonly include abdominal pain, abdominal bloating and changes in the consistency of bowel movements. [1] These symptoms may occur over a long time, sometimes for years. [2]
From the understanding of these diseases, the disease modifying therapies are known to be aspects that help prevent the progress of these diseases that focus on the gut-brain axis. Relevant therapies are the Vagus nerve stimulation, the Fecal microbiota transplantation, the use of Rifaximun and other drugs directed towards the gut.
Gastroparesis is suspected in patients who have abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or bloating, or when these symptoms occur after eating. Once an upper endoscopy has been performed to exclude peptic ulcer disease or gastric outlet obstruction as the root of their symptoms, those patients should be tested for gastroparesis.
Functional abdominal pain syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal disorder. [4] Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGD) are common medical conditions characterized by recurrent and persistent gastrointestinal symptoms caused by improper functioning of the enteric system in the absence of any identifiable organic or structural pathology, such as ulcers, inflammation, tumors or masses.
Abdominal pain, also known as a stomach ache, is a symptom associated with both non-serious and serious medical issues. Since the abdomen contains most of the body's vital organs, it can be an indicator of a wide variety of diseases.
There is no retching, nausea, heartburn, odour, or abdominal pain associated with the regurgitation as there is with typical vomiting, and the regurgitated food is undigested. The disorder has been historically documented as affecting only infants, young children, and people with cognitive disabilities (the prevalence is as high as 10% in ...