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Ships and other watercraft carry life saving appliances including lifeboats, lifebuoys, life-jackets, life raft and many others. Passengers and crew are informed of their availability in case of emergency. Life-saving appliances are mandatory as per chapter 3 of the SOLAS Convention.
The FSS Code or International Code for Fire Safety Systems is a set of international treaties organised by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) under the SOLAS Convention that are designed to reduce the risk of fire, and aid in emergency response aboard ships. [1]
Initially prompted by the sinking of the Titanic, the current version of SOLAS is the 1974 version, known as SOLAS 1974, which came into force on 25 May 1980, [1] and has been amended several times. As of April 2022, SOLAS 1974 has 167 contracting states, [1] which flag about 99% of merchant ships around the world in terms of gross tonnage. [1]
The ISPS Code is implemented through chapter XI-2 Special measures to enhance maritime security in the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). Regulation XI-2/3 ensures that administrations establish security levels and guarantee the provisions of strict security level data to ships that fly their flag. [8]
An act fixing certain rules and regulations for preventing collisions on the water. 29 April 1864, ch. 69. [39] and signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln). International regulations would continue to be further developed over the next several decades as a result of legislative and government action by the UK, US and other maritime States.
The Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) is an International Labour Organization (ILO) convention, number 186, established in 2006 as the fourth pillar of international maritime law and embodies "all up-to-date standards of existing international maritime labour Conventions and Recommendations, as well as the fundamental principles to be found in other international labour Conventions". [3]
In June 2019, the Code was amended to include changes for ship design and arrangements, including the fuel containment system, as well as other changes concerning power arrangements and fire safety regulations. These amendments will enter into force on 1st January 2024. [11] [2]
It is defined in the Chapter III - Part A of the SOLAS Convention. The Muster List must be written in both the language of country of the ship registration and at least also in English. In ships where the majority of the crew speaks a 3rd language, the Muster List should also be made available in that language.