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The minimum [20] [22] maximum [23] are known to lie between . Similarly it is known that Erdős-Rényi graphs with edge probability precisely p = ( 1 + ϵ ) ln ( n ) / n {\displaystyle p=(1+\epsilon )\ln(n)/n} as n {\displaystyle n} goes to infinity will be connected and it has been conjectured [ 24 ] that this value is too the number at ...
The clearomizer allows the user to monitor the liquid level in the device. [257] Soon after the clearomizer reached the market, replaceable atomizer coils and variable voltage batteries were introduced. [257] Clearomizers and eGo batteries became the best-selling customizable e-cigarette components in early 2012. [256]
The following is a simplistic illustrated explanation of how motion compensation works. Two successive frames were captured from the movie Elephants Dream.As can be seen from the images, the bottom (motion compensated) difference between two frames contains significantly less detail than the prior images, and thus compresses much better than the rest.
The optimization of portfolios is an example of multi-objective optimization in economics. Since the 1970s, economists have modeled dynamic decisions over time using control theory. [14] For example, dynamic search models are used to study labor-market behavior. [15] A crucial distinction is between deterministic and stochastic models. [16]
In mathematics, a group action of a group G on a set S is a group homomorphism from G to some group (under function composition) of functions from S to itself. It is said that G acts on S. Many sets of transformations form a group under function composition; for example, the rotations around a point in the plane.
Von Neumann stability analysis is a commonly used procedure for the stability analysis of finite difference schemes as applied to linear partial differential equations. These results do not hold for nonlinear PDEs, where a general, consistent definition of stability is complicated by many properties absent in linear equations.
Discretization is also related to discrete mathematics, and is an important component of granular computing. In this context, discretization may also refer to modification of variable or category granularity, as when multiple discrete variables are aggregated or multiple discrete categories fused.
Mathematical visualization is used throughout mathematics, particularly in the fields of geometry and analysis. Notable examples include plane curves , space curves , polyhedra , ordinary differential equations , partial differential equations (particularly numerical solutions, as in fluid dynamics or minimal surfaces such as soap films ...