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The widespread incidence of antibiotic resistance across various strains of S. aureus, or across different species of Staphylococcus has been attributed to horizontal gene transfer of genes encoding antibiotic/metal resistance and virulence.
Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome – Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome is caused by toxins produced when a staph infection gets too severe. It is characterized by a fever, rash, and blisters. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) – MRSA is one of the most common antibiotic-resistant strains of staph bacteria. It is more ...
This occurs when multiple different types of S. aureus cause an infection within a host. The different strains can secrete different enzymes or bring different antibiotic resistances to the group, increasing its pathogenic ability. [13] Thus, there is a need for a large number of mutations and acquisitions of mobile genetic elements. [citation ...
Different genotypes are also associated with different types of infections. Types I–III SCCmec are large elements that typically contain additional resistance genes and are characteristically isolated from HA-MRSA strains. [44] [49] Conversely, CA-MRSA is associated with types IV and V, which are smaller and lack resistance genes other than mecA.
Some strains were also able to produce acid from turanose, lactose, galactose, melezitose, mannitol, and mannose. Most strains colonize on the skin for relatively short periods of time compared to other Staphylococcus species. They, on average, stay on the skin for only several weeks or months.
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was first identified as a novel species in 2005 using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the tRNA intergenic length polymorphisms of the AJ780976 gene loci. [15] [16] [17] Differing strains of S. pseudintermedius, LMG 22219 - LMG 22222, have been identified in various species: cat, horse, dog, and parrot, respectively. [15]
The pathogen methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a member of this family. The most famous species in this family is Staphylococcus aureus, usually found in the skin microbiota. Staphylococcus aureus is the pathogenic bacteria with the highest global mortality in 2019, with approximatively 1.1 million deaths. [3]
SCCmec, or staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec, is a mobile genetic element of Staphylococcus bacterial species. This genetic sequence includes the mecA gene coding for resistance to the antibiotic methicillin and is the only known way for Staphylococcus strains to spread the gene in the wild by horizontal gene transfer. [1]