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The potential abolition of the caliphate had been actively opposed by the Indian-based Khilafat Movement, [1] and generated heated debate throughout the Muslim world. [4] The 1924 abolition came about less than 18 months after the abolition of the Ottoman sultanate, prior to which the Ottoman sultan was ex officio caliph.
In 1924, the Grand National Assembly voted to abolish the caliphate permanently. [46] The caliphate was formally abolished on 3 March 1924. Abdülmecid was deposed and exiled from Turkey, alongside the rest of his family (the Osmanoğlu). [39]
The caliphate then remained in the House of Osman until after the First World War. The Ottoman Sultanate was abolished in 1922 by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The head of the House of Osman, Abdülmecid II, retained the title of caliph for two more years, after which the caliphate was abolished in 1924.
The Ottoman Caliphate was abolished; The Ministry of Sharia and the Foundations was abolished; the Directorate of Religious Affairs and the Directorate General of Foundations were established; Unification and secularization of the education system; Depolitization of the army
In the last session of the budget negotiations on 3 March 1924, Urfa Deputy Sheikh Saffet Efendi and his 53 friends demanded the abolition of the caliphate, arguing it was not necessary any more. This was approved by majority of the votes and a law was established. With the same law, it was decided to expel all members of the Ottoman dynasty.
During the Turkish War of Independence (1919–1923), the Turkish revolutionaries, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, abolished the Treaty of Sèvres with the Treaty of Lausanne (1923). Pursuant to Atatürk's Reforms, the Republic of Turkey abolished the position of the caliphate in 1924.
On 3 March 1924, the first president of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, as part of his reforms, constitutionally abolished the institution of the caliphate. [43] Atatürk offered the caliphate to Ahmed Sharif as-Senussi , on the condition that he reside outside Turkey; Senussi declined the offer and confirmed his support for ...
The abolition of the Ottoman sultanate (Turkish: Saltanatın kaldırılması) by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey on 1 November 1922 ended the Ottoman Empire, which had lasted from c. 1299. On 11 November 1922, at the Conference of Lausanne , the sovereignty of the Grand National Assembly exercised by the Government in Angora (now Ankara ...