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Ecological analysis of CO 2 in an ecosystem. Systems ecology is an interdisciplinary field of ecology, a subset of Earth system science, that takes a holistic approach to the study of ecological systems, especially ecosystems.
Social-ecological systems are based on the concept that humans are a part of—not separate from—nature. [8] This concept, which holds that the delineation between social systems and natural systems is arbitrary and artificial, was first put forth by Berkes and Folke, [9] and its theory was further developed by Berkes et al. [10] More recent research into social-ecological system theory has ...
Some scientists have proposed in the last few decades that a general theory of living systems is required to explain the nature of life. [1] Such a general theory would arise out of the ecological and biological sciences and attempt to map general principles for how all living systems work.
Ecological indicators are used to communicate information about ecosystems and the impact human activity has on ecosystems to groups such as the public or government policy makers.
The Caminhos Ecológicos da Boa Esperança Environmental Protection Area was created by state governor decree 8.552 of 5 June 2003. It was to be administered by the Superintendency for Forest Development and Conservation Units (SFC). [ 1 ]