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Most of the ozone production occurs in the tropical upper stratosphere and mesosphere. The total mass of ozone produced per day over the globe is about 400 million metric tons. The global mass of ozone is relatively constant at about 3 billion metric tons, meaning the Sun produces about 12% of the ozone layer each day. [1]
Alkenes can be oxidatively cleaved by ozone, in a process called ozonolysis, giving alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids, depending on the second step of the workup. General reaction equation of ozonolysis. Ozone can also cleave alkynes to form an acid anhydride or diketone product. [38]
This equation shows how production of ozone is directly related to the solar intensity, and hence to the zenith angle, due to the reliance on photolysis of NO 2. The yield of ozone will therefore be greatest during the day, especially at noon and during the summer season.
Ground-level ozone (O 3), also known as surface-level ozone and tropospheric ozone, is a trace gas in the troposphere (the lowest level of the Earth's atmosphere), with an average concentration of 20–30 parts per billion by volume (ppbv), with close to 100 ppbv in polluted areas.
is a key reaction in the formation of tropospheric ozone. [16] The formation of the ozone layer is also caused by photodissociation. Ozone in the Earth's stratosphere is created by ultraviolet light striking oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms (O 2), splitting them into individual oxygen atoms (atomic oxygen). The atomic oxygen then ...
Brewer–Dobson circulation directly impacts the distribution and abundance of stratospheric ozone by moving it from the tropics towards the poles. [1] This transport helps to explain why tropical air has less ozone than polar air, even though the tropical stratosphere is where most atmospheric ozone is produced. [ 1 ]
Stage 3 (1.85–0.85 Ga): O 2 starts to gas out of the oceans, but is absorbed by land surfaces and formation of ozone layer. Stages 4 and 5 (0.85 Ga–present): O 2 sinks filled, the gas accumulates.
Equation 4 relates the concentrations of NO x and ozone, and is known as the Leighton relationship. The time τ {\displaystyle \tau } that is needed to reach a steady state among NO x and ozone is dominated by reaction ( 3 ), which reverses reactions ( 1 )+( 2 ):