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Chemical injury can occur if cleaning solutions such as povidone-iodine (Betadine), chlorhexidine or alcohol are inadvertently spilt into the eye, for example when the face, neck or shoulder is being prepped for surgery. [4] [1] Therefore, the anaesthetist ensures that the eyes are fully closed and remain closed throughout the procedure.
Eye injury by impact of small plastic body. Based on the injury to the eyewall (outer fibrous coat of the eye consisting of cornea and sclera) Closed globe injury: the eye globe is intact, but the seven rings of the eye have been classically described as affected by blunt trauma. Types include contusion and lamellar laceration
Life-threatening-injuries should be evaluated first in those with eye injuries, with life-saving treatments provided before an eye examination. [3] When examining a known or suspected open-globe injury, it is vital to avoid applying pressure to the eye. A sudden increase in intraocular pressure could cause the extrusion of ocular contents. [4]
The pupil is a hole through which the eye's interior can be viewed. For better viewing, the pupil can be opened wider (dilated; mydriasis) before ophthalmoscopy using medicated eye drops (dilated fundus examination). However, undilated examination is more convenient (albeit not as comprehensive), and is the most common type in primary care.
In cases of sympathetic ophthalmia (inflammation of the eye) to prevent travel to the other eye, which, if untreated, can cause blindness; Constant infection in a blind or otherwise useless eye; Painful, blind eye; Severe injury of the eye when the eye cannot be saved or attempts to save the eye have failed, such as after a globe rupture
Mydriasis is the dilation of the pupil, usually having a non-physiological cause, [3] or sometimes a physiological pupillary response. [4] Non-physiological causes of mydriasis include disease, trauma, or the use of certain types of drugs.
Traumatic eye injury can cause intraocular hemorrhage in people of any age and gender. However, injuries tend to be more common in young males due to more outdoor activities and heavy work. They are also more common in children during the summer. The incidence of traumatic hyphema is approximately 12 per 100,000.
The gold standard for diagnosing retinal detachment is a dilated fundus examination to check the back of the eye using an indirect ophthalmoscope. [8] [10] [13] This often involves a technique called scleral depression, which helps provide a clear view of the entire retina.