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Progression to cervical carcinoma in situ (CIS) occurs in approximately 11% of CIN 1 and 22% of CIN 2 cases. Progression to invasive cancer occurs in approximately 1% of CIN 1, 5% of CIN 2, and at least 12% of CIN 3 cases. [3] Progression to cancer typically takes 15 years with a range of 3 to 40 years.
CIN and SIL are graded from 1 to 3 based on the degree of change observed. CIN 1, 2, and 3 all represent pre-cancerous findings. [14] CIN 1, also known as low-grade SIL, is the most benign finding. This represents very few atypical cells found, and generally, these cells will revert to normal. [14] CIN 2 and 3, also known as high-grade SIL ...
Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a group of abnormal cells. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] While they are a form of neoplasm , [ 3 ] there is disagreement over whether CIS should be classified as cancer . This controversy also depends on the exact CIS in question (e.g., cervical, skin, breast).
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) means the development of abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix. It is caused by an HPV infection but in most cases, it is resolved by the immune system. However, a small percentage of people might develop a more serious CIN which, if left untreated, can develop into cervical cancer.
Carcinoma in situ, meaning "cancer in place", represents the transformation of a neoplastic lesion to one in which cells undergo essentially no maturation, thus may be considered cancer-like. In this state, epithelial cells have lost their tissue identity and have reverted to a primitive cell form that grows rapidly and with abnormal regulation ...
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Stage 0: carcinoma in situ, abnormal cells growing in their normal place ("in situ" from Latin for "in its place"). Stage 0 can also mean no remaining cancer after preoperative treatment in some cancers (e.g. colorectal cancer). Stage I: cancers are localized to one part of the body. Stage I cancer can be surgically removed if small enough.
The Bethesda system (TBS), officially called The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology, is a system for reporting cervical or vaginal cytologic diagnoses, [1] used for reporting Pap smear results. It was introduced in 1988 [2] and revised in 1991, [3] 2001, [1] [4] [5] and 2014. [6]