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  2. Plumbosolvency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbosolvency

    Plumbosolvency of water can be countered by achieving a pH of 7.5 by increasing the pH with lime or sodium hydroxide (lye), or by providing a protective coating to the inside of lead pipes by the addition of phosphate at the water treatment works. While optimal pH for prevention of plumbosolvency is 7.5, performance remains very good in the ...

  3. pH - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH

    At 25 °C (77 °F), solutions of which the pH is less than 7 are acidic, and solutions of which the pH is greater than 7 are basic. Solutions with a pH of 7 at 25 °C are neutral (i.e. have the same concentration of H + ions as OH − ions, i.e. the same as pure water). The neutral value of the pH depends on the temperature and is lower than 7 ...

  4. Hypolimnetic aeration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypolimnetic_aeration

    The pH of drinking water has a threshold value of 6.5–9.5. pH values outside the neutral range (pH 6.5–7.5) are considered critical as they indicate the corrosion behavior of water. Slightly acidic water (pH 4–6.5) tends to corrode galvanized iron pipes, as well as copper and asbestos cement pipes, [ 6 ] in a process known as acid corrosion.

  5. Alkalinity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalinity

    In the carbonate system the bicarbonate ions [HCO − 3] and the carbonate ions [CO 2− 3] have become converted to carbonic acid [H 2 CO 3] at this pH. This pH is also called the CO 2 equivalence point where the major component in water is dissolved CO 2 which is converted to H 2 CO 3 in an aqueous solution. There are no strong acids or bases ...

  6. Buffer solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_solution

    A buffer solution is a solution where the pH does not change significantly on dilution or if an acid or base is added at constant temperature. [1] Its pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical ...

  7. Total dissolved solids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_dissolved_solids

    14] Water can be classified by the level of total dissolved solids (TDS) in the water: Fresh water: TDS is less than 1,000 ppm. Brackish water: TDS = 1,000 to 10,000 ppm. Saline water: TDS = 10,000 to 35,000 ppm. Hypersaline: TDS greater than 35,000 ppm. Drinking water generally has a TDS below 500 ppm.