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It is often called a "collapsed lung", although that term may also refer to atelectasis. [1] A primary spontaneous pneumothorax is one that occurs without an apparent cause and in the absence of significant lung disease. [3] A secondary spontaneous pneumothorax occurs in the presence of existing lung disease.
A collapsed lung can result when the pleural cavity (the space outside the lung) accumulates blood or air (pneumothorax) or both (hemopneumothorax). These conditions do not inherently involve damage to the lung tissue itself, but they may be associated with it.
Therefore, pneumothorax is usually more of a problem than hemothorax. [8] A pneumothorax may form or be turned into a tension pneumothorax by mechanical ventilation, which may force air out of the tear in the lung. [12] The laceration may also close up by itself, which can cause it to trap blood and potentially form a cyst or hematoma. [8]
Complications may include pulmonary hypertension, respiratory failure, pneumothorax, and lung cancer. [2] Causes include environmental pollution, certain medications, connective tissue diseases, infections, and interstitial lung diseases. [1] [3] [6] But in most cases the cause is unknown (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis).
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A pneumothorax, also known as a collapsed lung, is a collection of air outside the lung in the pleural cavity. [14] Depending on etiology, a pneumothorax is classified as spontaneous, traumatic and iatrogenic. A spontaneous pneumothorax is further classified as primary and secondary, with the former occurring in individuals with no clinical ...
The most common symptom is sudden pain in one side of the lung and shortness of breath. A pneumothorax also can put pressure on the lung and cause it to collapse. If the pneumothorax is small, it may go away on its own. If large, a chest tube is placed through the skin and chest wall into the pleural space to remove the air.
Pulmonary aspiration is the entry of solid or liquid material such as pharyngeal secretions, food, drink, or stomach contents from the oropharynx or gastrointestinal tract, into the trachea and lungs. [1]