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The expansion of gold mining in the Rand of South Africa began to slow down in the 1880s, as the new deposits found tended to contain pyritic ore. The gold could not be extracted from this compound with any of the then available chemical processes or technologies. [5]
Gold extraction is the extraction of gold from dilute ores using a combination of chemical processes. Gold mining produces about 3600 tons annually, [1] and another 300 tons is produced from recycling. [2] Since the 20th century, gold has been principally extracted in a cyanide process by leaching the ore with cyanide solution.
Most KCN is used in gold mining, organic synthesis, and electroplating. Smaller applications include jewellery for chemical gilding and buffing. [4] Potassium cyanide is highly toxic, and a dose of 200 to 300 milligrams will kill nearly any human. The moist solid emits small amounts of hydrogen cyanide due to hydrolysis (reaction with water).
Cyanide is quantified by potentiometric titration, a method widely used in gold mining. It can also be determined by titration with silver ion. It can also be determined by titration with silver ion. Some analyses begin with an air-purge of an acidified boiling solution, sweeping the vapors into a basic absorber solution.
Gold mining is the extraction of gold by mining. Historically, mining gold from alluvial deposits used manual separation processes, such as gold panning. The expansion of gold mining to ores that are not on the surface has led to more complex extraction processes such as pit mining and gold cyanidation. In the 20th and 21st centuries, most ...
A lixiviant is a chemical used in hydrometallurgy to extract elements from its ore. [1] [2] One of the most famous lixiviants is cyanide, which is used in extracting 90% of mined gold. The combination of cyanide and air converts gold particles into a soluble salt.