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  2. Schrödinger picture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrödinger_picture

    In physics, the Schrödinger picture or Schrödinger representation is a formulation of quantum mechanics in which the state vectors evolve in time, but the operators (observables and others) are mostly constant with respect to time (an exception is the Hamiltonian which may change if the potential changes).

  3. Dynamical pictures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamical_pictures

    By the Stone–von Neumann theorem, the Heisenberg picture and the Schrödinger picture are unitarily equivalent. In some sense, the Heisenberg picture is more natural and convenient than the equivalent Schrödinger picture, especially for relativistic theories. Lorentz invariance is manifest in the Heisenberg picture.

  4. Lindbladian - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindbladian

    While in principle this approach to solving quantum dynamics is equivalent to the Schrödinger picture or Heisenberg picture, it allows more easily for the inclusion of incoherent processes, which represent environmental interactions. The density operator has the property that it can represent a classical mixture of quantum states, and is thus ...

  5. Heisenberg picture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisenberg_picture

    In physics, the Heisenberg picture or Heisenberg representation [1] is a formulation (largely due to Werner Heisenberg in 1925) of quantum mechanics in which observables incorporate a dependency on time, but the states are time-independent. It stands in contrast to the Schrödinger picture in which observables are constant and the states evolve ...

  6. Interaction picture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaction_picture

    In quantum mechanics, the interaction picture (also known as the interaction representation or Dirac picture after Paul Dirac, who introduced it) [1] [2] is an intermediate representation between the Schrödinger picture and the Heisenberg picture.

  7. Matrix mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_mechanics

    This implies that a Schrödinger picture is always available. Matrix mechanics easily extends to many degrees of freedom in a natural way. Each degree of freedom has a separate X operator and a separate effective differential operator P , and the wavefunction is a function of all the possible eigenvalues of the independent commuting X variables.