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In dentistry, the linea alba (from Latin 'white line') [1] is a horizontal streak on the buccal mucosa (inner surface of the cheek), level with the occlusion (biting plane). ). It usually extends from the commissure to the posterior teeth, and can extend to the inner lip mucosa and corners of the mo
Macroscopically, these lines can be seen on the labial surface or lip side of anterior or front teeth as horizontal lines on the tooth crown, also known as perikymata or "imbrication lines" . [1] Evenly spaced Retzius lines indicate a 6- to 11-day cycle of enamel formation.
It is a very thin, black-blue line visible along the margin of the gums, at the base of the teeth. [1] [2] It is caused by the reaction between circulating lead and sulphur ions produced by oral bacteria, forming deposits of lead sulfide in the gums. [3] The sign was described in 1840 by Henry Burton: [4]
Sometimes poorly constructed prosthetic teeth may be the cause if the original bite is altered. Usually, the teeth are placed too far facially (i.e., buccally and/or labially), outside the " neutral zone ", which is the term for the area where the dental arch is usually situated, where lateral forces between the tongue and cheek musculature are ...
Noticeable signs include receding gums,making the teeth appear longer. Gums may bleed more, and there may be some bone loss. Moderate periodontitis: As the gum disease progresses, pockets get ...
The mucosa of the cheeks and floor of the mouth are freely moveable and fragile, whereas the mucosa around the teeth and on the palate are firm and keratinized. Where the two tissue types meet is known as a mucogingival junction. There are three mucogingival junctions: on the facial of the maxilla and on both the facial and lingual of the mandible.
They develop where the mucosa is subjected to chronic minor irritants, mechanical or infective. They most frequently occur on the buccal mucosa (inner cheek) along the occlusal line where the teeth meet and the gingivae (the mucosa which covers the gums); reactive nodules occurring here are specifically categorised as epulides instead of polyps.
The clinical manifestation of mild dental fluorosis is mostly characterised a snow flaking appearance that lack a clear border, opaque, white spots, narrow white lines following the perikymata or patches as the opacities may coalesce with an intact, hard and smooth enamel surface on most of the teeth. [7]