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In 2010, Hanban asserted that the HSK's six levels corresponded to the six levels of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). [15] [29] However, the German [30]: 1, 3, 5 and French [31] associations of Chinese language teachers reject this equivalency, arguing that HSK Level 6 is only equivalent to CEFR Level B2 or C1.
However, the German, [8]: 1, 3, 5 French and Italian [9] associations of Chinese language teachers argued that HSK Level 6 is only equivalent to CEFR Level B1/B2/C1 (about TOCFL Level 4); thus rejecting Hanban's claim of equivalency.
The following is a non-exhaustive list of standardized tests that assess a person's language proficiency of a foreign/secondary language. Various types of such exams exist per many languages—some are organized at an international level even through national authoritative organizations, while others simply for specific limited business or study orientation.
An intergovernmental symposium in 1991 titled "Transparency and Coherence in Language Learning in Europe: Objectives, Evaluation, Certification" held by the Swiss Federal Authorities in the Swiss municipality of Rüschlikon found the need for a common European framework for languages to improve the recognition of language qualifications and help teachers co-operate.
The CSE broadly covered GCSE grades C–G or 4–1 and the O-Level covered grades A*–C or 9–4, but the two were independent qualifications, with different grading systems. The separate qualifications were criticised for disadvantaging the bottom 42% of O-Level entrants, who failed to receive a qualification, and the highest-achieving CSE ...
"This course will enable you to reach a level of language proficiency comparable to GCSE level (grades A*–C), Scottish standard Grades 1 and 2, and Council of Europe level A2 (see Common European Framework of Reference for Languages for further details).
Make a tasty evening meal with these easy pasta recipes, like creamed spinach pasta or penne with ground turkey, all requiring less than 30 minutes of active time.
Chinese as a foreign or second language is when non-native speakers study Chinese varieties.The increased interest in China from those outside has led to a corresponding interest in the study of Standard Chinese (a type of Mandarin Chinese) as a foreign language, the official language of mainland China, Taiwan and Singapore.