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The WAC Corporal was the first sounding rocket developed in the United States and the first vehicle to achieve hypersonic speeds. [1] It was an offshoot of the Corporal program, that was started by a partnership between the United States Army Ordnance Corps and the California Institute of Technology (named "ORDCIT") in June 1944 with the ultimate goal of developing a military ballistic missile.
The V-2 rocket had a maximum altitude of around 100 mi (160 km), while the WAC Corporal without its solid rocket booster, had a theoretical maximum altitude of 25 mi (40 km) (43.5 mi (70.0 km) with). Together, Bumper could reach altitudes of more than twice those attainable by the V-2 alone. [4]: 235, 260
The original design was called XF30L20,000 which envisioned a 30 in (760 mm) diameter liquid fueled missile with a 20,000 lbf (89 kN) thrust engine and was ventured in the summer of 1944. The WAC Corporal sounding rocket was developed in 1945, providing experience with liquid fueled ballistic rocketry. The second phase gave experience with a ...
The V-2 was also used in early experiments with two-stage rockets: Project Bumper combined the V-2 first stage with the WAC Corporal as second stage. On 24 February 1949, Bumper 5 set an altitude record of 417 kilometres (259 mi). [4]: 257–58 Around 10 WAC Corporals were also launched on their own in this period. [7]: 6
It progressed to a liquid-fuel unguided sounding rocket called WAC Corporal and a much larger guided research missile, the Corporal E. [6] In late 1949 the Army desired to accelerate the Corporal program to create a military weapon by turning the Corporal E into a crash program and cancel the intended additional research variants. [7]
The Aerobee rocket was one of the United States' most produced and productive sounding rockets. Developed by the Aerojet Corporation, the Aerobee was designed to combine the altitude and launching capability of the V-2 with the cost effectiveness and mass production of the WAC Corporal. More than 1000 Aerobees were launched between 1947 and ...
During World War II, the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion — nicknamed the Six Triple Eight — was the first and only unit of color in the Women’s Army Corps (WAC) stationed in Europe.
The first manufactured object to achieve hypersonic flight was the two-stage Bumper rocket, consisting of a WAC Corporal second stage set on top of a V-2 first stage. In February 1949, at White Sands, the rocket reached a speed of 8,290 km/h (5,150 mph), or about Mach 6.7. [2]
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