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White sponge nevus (WSN) is an extremely rare autosomal dominant [4] condition of the oral mucosa (the mucous membrane lining of the mouth). It is caused by one or more mutations in genes coding for keratin, which causes a defect in the normal process of keratinization of the mucosa.
The chance of cancer formation depends on the type, with between 3–15% of localized leukoplakia and 70–100% of proliferative leukoplakia developing into squamous cell carcinoma. [ 4 ] Leukoplakia is a descriptive term that should only be applied after other possible causes are ruled out . [ 6 ]
Porokeratosis is a specific disorder of keratinization that is characterized histologically by the presence of a cornoid lamella, a thin column of closely stacked, parakeratotic cells extending through the stratum corneum with a thin or absent granular layer.
Accumulation of these cancer cells causes a microscopic focus of abnormal cells that are, at least initially, locally confined within the specific tissue in which the progenitor cell resided. This condition is called squamous-cell carcinoma in situ , and it is diagnosed when the tumor has not yet penetrated the basement membrane or other ...
Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma (cSCC), also known as squamous-cell carcinoma of the skin or squamous-cell skin cancer, is one of the three principal types of skin cancer, alongside basal-cell carcinoma and melanoma. [10] cSCC typically presents as a hard lump with a scaly surface, though it may also present as an ulcer. [1]
Age – usually over 60 years old; Sex – males are more prone; Site – gingiva, buccal mucosa, alveolar mucosa, hard palate, floor of the mouth, larynx, oesophagus, penis, vagina, scrotum. Clinical presentation: It is a slow growing, diffuse, exophytic lesion usually covered by leukoplakic patches. Invasive lesions quickly invade bones.
The study, which involved 106 peri- and postmenopausal women and was presented at the Endocrine Society’s annual meeting in May, indicates women should self-monitor their vasomotor symptoms and ...
Tobacco is the greatest single cause of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Using tobacco increases the risk of oral cancer by 3 to 6 times [20] [9] and is responsible for around 40% of all oral cancers. [21] Smokeless tobacco (including chewing tobacco, snuff, snus) also causes oral cancer. [22] [23] [24] Cigar and pipe smoking are also important risk ...