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The most well known example of an absorbing element comes from elementary algebra, where any number multiplied by zero equals zero. Zero is thus an absorbing element. The zero of any ring is also an absorbing element. For an element r of a ring R, r0 = r(0 + 0) = r0 + r0, so 0 = r0, as zero is the unique element a for which r − r = a for any ...
An absorbing element in a multiplicative semigroup or semiring generalises the property 0 ⋅ x = 0. Examples include: The empty set, which is an absorbing element under Cartesian product of sets, since { } × S = { } The zero function or zero map defined by z(x) = 0 under pointwise multiplication (f ⋅ g)(x) = f(x) ⋅ g(x)
In mathematics, a null semigroup (also called a zero semigroup) is a semigroup with an absorbing element, called zero, in which the product of any two elements is zero. [1] If every element of a semigroup is a left zero then the semigroup is called a left zero semigroup; a right zero semigroup is defined analogously. [2]
Absorbing elements are also sometime called annihilating elements or zero elements. A universe set is an absorbing element of binary union . The empty set is an absorbing element of binary intersection and binary Cartesian product , and it is also a left absorbing element of set subtraction :
Photodisintegration is endothermic (energy absorbing) for atomic nuclei lighter than iron and sometimes exothermic (energy releasing) for atomic nuclei heavier than iron. Photodisintegration is responsible for the nucleosynthesis of at least some heavy, proton-rich elements via the p-process in supernovae of type Ib, Ic, or II. This causes the ...
The particles are represented by the diagram lines. The lines can be squiggly or straight, with an arrow or without, depending on the type of particle. A point where lines connect to other lines is a vertex, and this is where the particles meet and interact. The interactions are: emit/absorb particles, deflect particles, or change particle type.
Albedo (/ æ l ˈ b iː d oʊ / al-BEE-doh; from Latin albedo 'whiteness') is the fraction of sunlight that is diffusely reflected by a body. It is measured on a scale from 0 (corresponding to a black body that absorbs all incident radiation) to 1 (corresponding to a body that reflects all incident radiation).
An overview of absorption of electromagnetic radiation.This example shows the general principle using visible light as a specific example. A white light source—emitting light of multiple wavelengths—is focused on a sample (the pairs of complementary colors are indicated by the yellow dotted lines).