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The hair follicle is an organ found in mammalian skin. [1] It resides in the dermal layer of the skin and is made up of 20 different cell types, each with distinct functions. The hair follicle regulates hair growth via a complex interaction between hormones, neuropeptides, and immune cells. [1]
The inner root sheath or internal root sheath of the hair follicle is located between the outer root sheath and the hair shaft. [1] It is made of three layers: Henle's layer, Huxley's layer, and the cuticle. [2] The inner root sheaf serves to protect growing hair. [3]
Diagram of the hair shaft, indicating medulla (innermost), cortex, and cuticle (exterior.) Anatomy of hair. The cortex of the hair shaft is located between the hair cuticle and medulla and is the thickest hair layer. It contains most of the hair's pigment, giving the hair its color. The major pigment in the cortex is melanin, which is also ...
The outer root sheath or external root sheath of the hair follicle encloses the inner root sheath and hair shaft. [1] It is continuous with the basal layer of the interfollicular epidermis (skin) . See also
the part beneath the skin, called the hair follicle, or, when pulled from the skin, the bulb or root. This organ is located in the dermis and maintains stem cells , which not only re-grow the hair after it falls out, but also are recruited to regrow skin after a wound .
The outer root sheath corresponds with the stratum mucosum (stratum germinativum and stratum spinosum) [1] of the epidermis, and resembles it in the rounded form and soft character of its cells; at the bottom of the hair follicle these cells become continuous with those of the root of the hair.
The glands deposit sebum on the hairs and bring it to the skin surface along the hair shaft. The structure, consisting of hair, hair follicles, arrector pili muscles, and sebaceous glands, is an epidermal invagination known as a pilosebaceous unit. [4]
In humans, some of the more common skin appendages are hairs (sensation, heat loss, filter for breathing, protection), arrector pilli (smooth muscles that pull hairs straight), sebaceous glands (secrete sebum onto hair follicle, which oils the hair), sweat glands (can secrete sweat with strong odour or with a faint odour (merocrine or eccrine ...