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Lesions of the medial dorsal and anterior nuclei of the thalami and lesions of the mammillary bodies are commonly involved in amnesic syndromes in humans. [8] Mammillary body atrophy is present in several other conditions, such as colloid cysts in the third ventricle, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, heart failure, and sleep apnea. In spite ...
The medial surfaces form the upper part of the lateral wall to the third ventricle. In humans, it is only about one centimeter long – though in females, it is about 50% larger on average. [1] Sometimes, it is in two parts – and 20% of the time, it is absent. [2] In other mammals, it is larger.
The mammillary bodies directly or indirectly connect to the amygdala, hippocampus, and thalami as major structures in the limbic system. [6] The mammillothalamic tract carries signals from the mammillary bodies via the anterior thalamus to support spatial memory .
The anterior nuclei receive afferents from the hippocampus and subiculum directly via the fornix, and indirectly via the mammillary bodies and mammillothalamic tract (MTT). They send efferent fibers to the cingulate gyrus, limbic, and orbitofrontal cortex. [1] The anterior nuclei of the thalamus display functions pertaining to memory.
Anatomical "lines", or "reference lines," are theoretical lines drawn through anatomical structures and are used to describe anatomical location. The following reference lines are identified in Terminologia Anatomica: Anterior median line; Lateral sternal line: A vertical line corresponding to the lateral margin of the sternum.
The tuber cinereum is a convex mass of grey matter, [3]: 495 a ventral/inferior distention of the hypothalamus forming the floor of the third ventricle. [citation needed] The portion of the tuber cinerum at the base of the infundibulum (pituitary stalk) is the median eminence; [2] the infundibulum extends ventrally/inferiorly from the median eminence to become continuous with the infundibulum.
In anatomy, a process (Latin: processus) is a projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body. [1] For instance, in a vertebra, a process may serve for muscle attachment and leverage (as in the case of the transverse and spinous processes), or to fit (forming a synovial joint), with another vertebra (as in the case of the articular processes). [2]
In neuroanatomy, the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN; also called the lateral geniculate body or lateral geniculate complex) is a structure in the thalamus and a key component of the mammalian visual pathway. It is a small, ovoid, ventral projection of the thalamus where the thalamus connects with the optic nerve. There are two LGNs, one on the ...