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A caliph is the supreme religious and political leader of an Islamic state known as the caliphate. [1] [2] Caliphs (also known as 'Khalifas') led the Muslim Ummah as political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, [3] and widely-recognised caliphates have existed in various forms for most of Islamic history. [4]
Islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation.. However, in the modern contexts of Muslim minorities in non-Muslim countries as well as secularised Muslim states like Turkey, and Bangladesh, the religious leadership may take a variety of non-formal sha
Bakht Khan: Indian Muslim commander during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Husein Gradaščević: Leader of the Great Bosnian uprising. Muhammad Ahmad 1844–1885: A Muslim religious leader and militant in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Omar Mukhtar 1858–1931: A Libyan leader of the resistance against the Italian occupation forces in Libya.
Regnal Name Personal Name Parents Notable Events 1 750 – 8 June 754 al-Saffāḥ: Abū’l-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh Muhammad ibn Ali; Rayta bint Ubaydallah al-Harsia; Descendant of al-Abbas, Muhammad's uncle. Founder of the Abbasid dynasty (second dynasty of Islamic Caliphate). Battle of Talas (751) secures Muslim predominance in Central Asia. 2
The Rashidun army (Arabic: جيش الراشدين) was the core of the Rashidun Caliphate's armed forces during the early Muslim conquests in the 7th century. The army is reported to have maintained a high level of discipline, strategic prowess and organization, granting them successive victories in their various campaigns.
This article includes a list of successive Islamic states and Muslim dynasties beginning with the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (570–632 CE) and the early Muslim conquests that spread Islam outside of the Arabian Peninsula, and continuing through to the present day. [citation needed]
Arab scientists and scholars from the Muslim World, including Al-Andalus (Spain), who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age, include the following. The list consists primarily of scholars during the Middle Ages. Both the Arabic and Latin names are given. The following Arabic naming articles are not used for indexing: Al ...
The following is a list of internationally recognized Muslim scholars of medieval Islamic civilization who have been described as the father or the founder of a field by some modern scholars: Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi: Father of Modern Surgery [1] and the Father of Operative Surgery. [2] Ibn al-Nafis: Father of Circulatory Physiology and Anatomy.