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Proportional navigation (also known as PN or Pro-Nav) is a guidance law (analogous to proportional control) used in some form or another by most homing air target missiles. [1] It is based on the fact that two vehicles are on a collision course when their direct line-of-sight does not change direction as the range closes. PN dictates that the ...
In the current EU emission norms for cars, vans, and trucks and in the upcoming EU emission norm for non-road mobile machinery, particle number measurements and limits are defined, commonly referred to as PN, with units [#/km] or [#/kWh]. In this case, PN expresses a quantity of particles per unit distance (or work).
For example, a PD Racer (a semi-open homebuilt class, and the slowest listed boat in the USA scheme) has a D-PN of 140, and an A-Scow (the fastest listed centreboard boat) has a D-PN of 61.3. If an A Scow takes 1 hour to finish a given course, and a PD Racer takes 2 hours, the handicapped times are:
PN junction operation in forward-bias mode, showing reducing depletion width. In forward bias, the p-type is connected with a positive electrical terminal and the n-type is connected with a negative terminal. The panels show energy band diagram, electric field, and net charge density. The built-in potential of the semiconductor varies ...
For a positive integer n, p(n) is the number of distinct ways of representing n as a sum of positive integers. For the purposes of this definition, the order of the terms in the sum is irrelevant: two sums with the same terms in a different order are not considered to be distinct.
In mathematics, the prime number theorem (PNT) describes the asymptotic distribution of the prime numbers among the positive integers. It formalizes the intuitive idea that primes become less common as they become larger by precisely quantifying the rate at which this occurs.
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In solid-state physics of semiconductors, carrier generation and carrier recombination are processes by which mobile charge carriers (electrons and electron holes) are created and eliminated.