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Bell Labs' horn antenna, April 2007. The horn antenna at Bell Telephone Laboratories in Holmdel, New Jersey, was constructed on Crawford Hill in 1959 to support Project Echo, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's passive communications satellites, [8] [5] which used large aluminized plastic balloons (satellite balloon) as reflectors to bounce radio signals from one point on the ...
Two 4-foot (1.2 m) dish antennas used for Deep Space Network vehicles during pre-launch testing. These antennas, one X-Band and one S-band, were mounted near the top of the 140-foot (43 m) tower. One 15-foot (4.6 m) S-band dish antenna, which served as a backup to the 30-foot (9.1 m) antennas, if one was undergoing maintenance or failed during use.
A satellite dish is a dish-shaped type of parabolic antenna designed to receive or transmit information by radio waves to or from a communication satellite. The term most commonly means a dish which receives direct-broadcast satellite television from a direct broadcast satellite in geostationary orbit .
This became Project Echo, which in 1960 achieved success as the first passive communications satellite experiment. [20] The first message so sent was a taped greeting by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. [21] Also in 1960, the 60-foot antenna at Crawford Hill was used to transmit and bounce a radio signal off the Moon that was received at ...
Satellite navigation systems send several signals that are used to decode the satellite's position, distance between the user satellite, and the user's precise time. One signal encodes the satellite's ephemeris data, which is used to accurately calculate the satellite's location at any time. Space weather and other effects causes the orbit to ...
Diagram of a beam waveguide antenna from NASA, showing the signal path (red). A beam waveguide antenna is a particular type of antenna dish, at which waveguides are used to transmit the radio beam between the large steerable dish and the equipment for reception or transmission, like e.g. RF power amplifiers.