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Because the set of primes is a computably enumerable set, by Matiyasevich's theorem, it can be obtained from a system of Diophantine equations. Jones et al. (1976) found an explicit set of 14 Diophantine equations in 26 variables, such that a given number k + 2 is prime if and only if that system has a solution in nonnegative integers: [7]
In computational number theory, the Lucas test is a primality test for a natural number n; it requires that the prime factors of n − 1 be already known. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is the basis of the Pratt certificate that gives a concise verification that n is prime.
John Selfridge has conjectured that if p is an odd number, and p ≡ ±2 (mod 5), then p will be prime if both of the following hold: 2 p−1 ≡ 1 (mod p), f p+1 ≡ 0 (mod p), where f k is the k-th Fibonacci number. The first condition is the Fermat primality test using base 2. In general, if p ≡ a (mod x 2 +4), where a is a quadratic non ...
If A is an integral domain, then d is also the transcendence degree of the field of fractions of A over k. The following proof is due to Nagata and appears in Mumford's red book. A more geometric proof is given on page 176 of the red book. Proof: We shall induct on m. Case = is = and there is nothing to prove.
If really is prime, it will always answer yes, but if is composite then it answers yes with probability at most 1/2 and no with probability at least 1/2. [132] If this test is repeated n {\displaystyle n} times on the same number, the probability that a composite number could pass the test every time is at most 1 / 2 ...
If either p n # + 1 or p n # − 1 is a primorial prime, it means that there are larger primes than the nth prime (if neither is a prime, that also proves the infinitude of primes, but less directly; each of these two numbers has a remainder of either p − 1 or 1 when divided by any of the first n primes, and hence all its prime factors are ...
The prime constant is the real number whose th binary digit is 1 if is prime and 0 if is composite or 1. [ 1 ] In other words, ρ {\displaystyle \rho } is the number whose binary expansion corresponds to the indicator function of the set of prime numbers .
These twenty fractions are all the positive k / d ≤ 1 whose denominators are the divisors d = 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20. The fractions with 20 as denominator are those with numerators relatively prime to 20, namely 1 / 20 , 3 / 20 , 7 / 20 , 9 / 20 , 11 / 20 , 13 / 20 , 17 / 20 , 19 / 20 ...