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Fat necrosis is necrosis affecting fat tissue (adipose tissue). [1] The term is well-established in medical terminology despite not denoting a specific pattern of necrosis. [ 2 ] Fat necrosis may result from various injuries to adipose tissue, including: physical trauma, enzymatic digestion of adipocytes by lipases , [ 3 ] radiation therapy ...
Focused assessment with sonography in trauma (commonly abbreviated as FAST) is a rapid bedside ultrasound examination performed by surgeons, emergency physicians, and paramedics as a screening test for blood around the heart (pericardial effusion) or abdominal organs (hemoperitoneum) after trauma.
Caseous necrosis in T.B. is most common site of dystrophic calcification. Liquefactive necrosis in chronic abscesses may get calcified. Fat necrosis following acute pancreatitis or traumatic fat necrosis in breasts results in deposition of calcium soaps. Infarcts may undergo D.C. Thrombi, especially in veins, may produce phleboliths.
Calcification is typically depicted 2 weeks earlier by ultrasound (US) when compared to radiographs. [6] The lesion develops in two distinct stages with different presentations at US. [ 7 ] In the early stage, termed immature, it depicts a non-specific soft tissue mass that ranges from a hypoechoic area with an outer sheet-like hyperechoic ...
Fat embolism syndrome occurs when fat enters the blood stream (fat embolism) and results in symptoms. [1] Symptoms generally begin within a day. [1] This may include a petechial rash, decreased level of consciousness, and shortness of breath. [1] Other symptoms may include fever and decreased urine output. [2] The risk of death is about 10%. [2]
In secondary bone marrow edema patients, repeated traumatic stress may disrupt the trabecular marrow structure, hence there is interstitial fluid leakage or haemorrhage inside the marrow spaces. Also, heightened blood flow or a congested vascular drainage at the bone marrow may cause BME. [ 26 ]
These procedures generally use lower frequencies than medical diagnostic ultrasound (from 0.7 to 2 MHz), but higher the frequency means lower the focusing energy. HIFU treatment is often guided by MRI. Focused ultrasound may be used to dissolve kidney stones by lithotripsy. Ultrasound may be used for cataract treatment by phacoemulsification.
Medical ultrasound includes diagnostic techniques (mainly imaging techniques) using ultrasound, as well as therapeutic applications of ultrasound. In diagnosis, it is used to create an image of internal body structures such as tendons, muscles, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs, to measure some characteristics (e.g., distances and velocities) or to generate an informative audible sound.