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A limiter is a compressor with a high ratio and, generally, a short attack time. Compression is used to improve performance and clarity in public address systems, as an effect and to improve consistency in mixing and mastering. It is used on voice to reduce sibilance and in broadcasting and advertising to make an audio program stand out.
The Fairchild 660 is a tube-based single-channel audio compressor invented by Rein Narma and manufactured by the Fairchild Recording Equipment Corporation beginning in 1959. The 660 was the first intelligent automatic volume control limiter. [1] The Fairchild 670, introduced shortly after the 660, is a dual-channel version. [2]
Electric guitar amps do not usually have limiters. PIN diodes can be used in limiter circuits to reflect the energy back to the source or clip the signal. [2] Mastering engineers often use limiting combined with make-up gain to increase the perceived loudness of an audio recording during the audio mastering process. [3]
The 1176 Peak Limiter is a dynamic range compressor introduced by UREI in 1967. Derived from the 175 and 176 tube compressors, it marked the transition from vacuum tubes to solid-state technology. [ 1 ]
Parallel compression, also known as New York compression, is a dynamic range compression technique used in sound recording and mixing.Parallel compression, a form of upward compression, is achieved by mixing an unprocessed 'dry', or lightly compressed signal with a heavily compressed version of the same signal.
It consists of an n-channel JFET with the gate shorted to the source, which functions like a two-terminal current limiter (analogous to a voltage-limiting Zener diode). It allows a current through it to rise to a certain value, but not higher.
A flow limiter or flow restrictor is a device to restrict the flow of a fluid, in general a gas or a liquid. [1] Some designs use single stage or multi-stage orifice plates to handle high and low flow rates. Flow limiters are often used in manufacturing plants as well as households. Safety is usually the main purpose of using a flow limiter.
The mechanism used is similar enough that a voltage divider can be used in the same way as with the LM317 and the output follows the same formula, using the regulator's fixed voltage for V ref (e.g. 5 V for 7805). However, the 78xx device's quiescent current is substantially higher and less stable.