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Magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) is an approach to generate thermonuclear fusion power that uses magnetic fields to confine fusion fuel in the form of a plasma. Magnetic confinement is one of two major branches of controlled fusion research, along with inertial confinement fusion .
Within the field of magnetic confinement experiments, there is a basic division between toroidal and open magnetic field topologies.Generally speaking, it is easier to contain a plasma in the direction perpendicular to the field than parallel to it.
The basic idea of super-high magnetic fields as a path to fusion had been considered as early as the 1950s by Andrei Sakharov, who proposed imploding metal liners to produce the required field. The concept was not picked up until the 1960s, when Velikhov began small-scale experiments.
The race toward nuclear fusion, the near-limitless energy source that powers our Sun, is quickly becoming a packed field.Many laboratories leverage tokamaks to confine plasma and induce nuclear ...
Magnetized target fusion (MTF) is a fusion power concept that combines features of magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) and inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Like the magnetic approach, the fusion fuel is confined at lower density by magnetic fields while it is heated into a plasma. As with the inertial approach, fusion is initiated by rapidly ...
Magnetic fields in a tokamak Tokamak magnetic field and current. Shown is the toroidal field and the coils (blue) that produce it, the plasma current (red) and the poloidal field created by it, and the resulting twisted field when these are overlaid.
Plasma in the Levitating Dipole Experiment. A levitated dipole is a type of nuclear fusion reactor design using a superconducting torus that is magnetically levitated inside the reactor chamber. The name refers to the magnetic dipole that forms within the reaction chamber, similar to Earth's magnetosphere.
It is operated by the National Institute for Fusion Science, and is the world's second-largest superconducting stellarator, after Wendelstein 7-X. The LHD employs a heliotron magnetic field originally developed in Japan. An interior view of the vacuum vessel, which shows the LHD's superconducting coils.