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Coccidioidomycosis (/ k ɒ k ˌ s ɪ d i ɔɪ d oʊ m aɪ ˈ k oʊ s ɪ s /, kok-SID-ee-oy-doh-my-KOH-sis) is a mammalian fungal disease caused by Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii. [3] It is commonly known as cocci, [ 4 ] Valley fever, [ 4 ] as well as California fever, [ 5 ] desert rheumatism, [ 5 ] or San Joaquin Valley fever. [ 5 ]
Coccidioides posadasii is a pathogenic fungus that, along with Coccidioides immitis, is the causative agent of coccidioidomycosis, [1] or valley fever in humans.It resides in the soil in certain parts of the Southwestern United States, northern Mexico, and some other areas in the Americas, but its evolution was connected to its animal hosts.
Coccidioides is a genus of dimorphic ascomycetes in the family Onygenaceae.Member species are the cause of coccidioidomycosis, also known as San Joaquin Valley fever, an infectious fungal disease largely confined to the Western Hemisphere and endemic in the Southwestern United States. [2]
Disseminated coccidioidomycosis is a systemic infection caused by Coccidioides immitis. 15-20% of people with the infection develop skin lesions. [ 1 ] : 315 History of treatment
Some types such as blastomycosis, cryptococcus, coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis, affect people who live in or visit certain parts of the world. [18] Others such as aspergillosis , pneumocystis pneumonia , candidiasis , mucormycosis and talaromycosis , tend to affect people who are unable to fight infection themselves. [ 18 ]
Antigens can cross-react with antigens of African histoplasmosis (caused by Histoplasma duboisii), blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, and talaromycosis infection. Histoplasmosis can also be diagnosed by a test for antibodies against Histoplasma in the blood.
C. immitis can cause a disease called coccidioidomycosis (valley fever). [8] [9] [10] Its incubation period varies from 7 to 21 days. [11] Coccidioidomycosis is not easily diagnosed on the basis of vital signs and symptoms, which are usually vague and nonspecific.
These spores are asexual and are generally not as durable and environmentally persistent as, for instance, bacterial endospores or chlamydospores.Some medically significant pathogens, such as Coccidioides immitis, and Coccidioides posadasii, both causative agents of coccidioidomycosis (also known as San Joaquin Valley fever), are transmitted through airborne arthroconidia. [1]