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Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin. [1] The discoloration is caused by reduction in blood flow through the arterioles that supply the cutaneous capillaries, resulting in deoxygenated blood showing as blue discoloration ().
Livedo racemosa or, less commonly, livedo reticularis are symptoms of such thrombosis, which causes blood and pressure to build up in the dermal superficial veins. [8] The oxygen partial pressure in the skin decreases as a result of the blood flow obstruction, triggering a cutaneous response that presents as pruritus with itchy papules and ...
Livedo reticularis appears as a bluish-purple, netlike mottling of the skin. Sneddon's syndrome may instead present with livedo racemosa, which involves larger, less organized patches of bluish-purple mottling of the skin. Both are generally found first in the extremities, both worsen in cold and either may occur without Sneddon's syndrome or ...
Most commonly this causes skin symptoms (usually livedo reticularis), gangrene of the extremities and sometimes kidney failure; problems with other organs may arise, depending on the site at which the cholesterol crystals enter the bloodstream. [2] When the kidneys are involved, the disease is referred to as atheroembolic renal disease. [3]
Treatments are generally directed toward stopping the inflammation and suppressing the immune system. Typically, corticosteroids such as prednisone are used. Additionally, other immune suppression medications, such as cyclophosphamide, are considered. In case of an infection, antimicrobial agents including cephalexin may be prescribed. Affected ...
Rheumatoid vasculitis can cause palpable purpura, ulcers, nodules, and digital necrosis on the skin. [6] Even though it is nonspecific and present in many different disorders, livedo reticularis is frequently observed. [3] Peripheral nervous system involvement is the second most common organ involved.
CMTC is also used synonymously with congenital generalized phlebectasia, nevus vascularis reticularis, congenital phlebectasia, livedo telangiectatica, congenital livedo reticularis and Van Lohuizen syndrome. [3] It should not be confused with the more general term "cutis marmorata", which refers to livedo reticularis caused by cold. [4]
Patients can typically present erythema nodosum, livedo reticularis, bilateral uveitis, and sudden onset of marked visual loss associated with the appearance of multiple lesions in the retina. These lesions may be colored from grey-white to cream-shaded yellow.